The Great Wall of China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Great Wall of China - Research Paper Example But what is most interesting is the idea of a wall that would stretch around the Forbidden City and segregate it from all intruders and elevate its position to the â€Å"Heaven† level. At the time of its initial construction, the Wall had been built with stones and tamped dirt but as time passes, the development in construction material which included the use of kilns to manufacture bricks and quarrying have added to its sophistication. Lastly, one of the most important engineering marvels is the use of least number of manpower to construct over 6000 kms of brick walls of different layers and levels. From deep ravines to some of the highest mountains, the Wall has touched them all. Compared to structures of today, the Great Wall still stands out because of its quality, architecture and design. Even though some portions of the Wall have crumbled, its modern equivalents cannot compare to its defensive characteristics and design such as watch towers, barracks, garrison stations, means for signals and trade

Political Ideologies Essay Example for Free

Political Ideologies Essay Ideology is a highly contested phenomenon used in politics, social science and philosophical discourse. Heywood (2003, p12) defines ideology as ‘a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for organised political action whether this is intended to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of power. ’ According to Freeden (2003) we are all ideologists in the sense that we prescribe to certain political views in our environment. He goes on to say that ideologies are competing interpretations of making sense of the worlds we live in. Ideologies look at what society should be like and why the society is the way it is. Leach (2002) states that the term ideology is quite problematic. He also defines ideology as â€Å"interconnected set of ideas which form a perspective on the world† Leach. R. (2002, p. 1) Williams (1998) defines ideology as a system of ideas and beliefs that offer a means of understanding the world. He also adds that these ideas provide a programme to shape the future and seen as a guide to action. From the above, it is clear that there is no agreed definition of what ideology is. My view of ideology is ideas or views attempting to explain how society should be. Political parties may have conflicting ideas on certain issues of society and therefore influence the policies which affect service users. From this perspective, I can suggest that ideology is related to a set or system of beliefs, ideas and values that individuals, groups and organisations hold. Examples of ideologies include communism, socialism, liberalism, conservatism, feminism and fascism. Implications to Social Work Many service users who come in contact with social workers will be experiencing poverty and deprivation. Social workers will be there to advocate and advise service users on how to apply for these benefits. According to Thompson (2005) poverty leads to other problems such as poor mental health and social exclusion. Social workers support these service users by sign posting for counselling, rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Liberalism as an ideology offers an explanation of how social problems are constructed and how families and individuals are conceptualised within this framework. Thompson, (2005) suggested that problems are constructed by society. Adams, (2002) state that as social workers we need to keep up to date with all policy changes so that we can advise service users accordingly. He emphasises that social workers should be proactive by reading informative newspapers and social work journals. Brechnin (2000) cited in Adams (2002) also state that it is vital for practitioners to grasp the policy context of the cases they deal with and thereby improve how they deal with service users complexities. Critical understanding of policies concerning children and families may help social workers improve practice. Social workers need to assess and identify the needs of a service user group for example people with disabilities and find out as much information as they can through research on how they can assist and empower service users. The question for social workers is do we challenge a belief or ideology which we think does not fit in with social work values for example Conservatism. On the other hand, we enter into another debate of social workers as agents of the state so whichever government is in power, social workers as agents of state would have to follow their beliefs. We need to be aware of the current government beliefs, and its influence on policies so that we are equipped to advise service users on services available. To conclude, the practice of social work in modern liberal society rests on liberal principles. By locating the connections between social work and Liberalism ideology, we have seen how practical social knowledge is influenced by liberal philosophical assumptions. These central tenets of Liberalism are liberty, tolerance, and a free-market economy. These core beliefs affect all areas of social life, including social work. The tensions that permeate the practices of liberal governments are present in the field of social work and valuable indicators of the complexity of the issues social workers face. Crucially, they are open to reform. There are deep social problems in liberal society such as poverty, inequality, alienation. What we can learn from these problems is that if Liberalism will succeed in its aspirations it needs to expand its scope to include more social and corporate responsibility, and a greater understanding of community. Bibliography Adams, R. (2002), Social Policy for Social work, Basingstoke: Palgrave Alasdair. D. M. (1981), After Virtue , 2nd edn, London: Duckworth. Bellamy, R. (1992), Liberalism and modern society Cambridge: Polity press. Frazer, E. and Lacey, N. (1993) The Politics of community, Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Freeden, M. (2003), Ideology: A very short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press Heywood, A. (2007) Political Ideologies an introduction, 4th edn, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Hills, J. and Stewart, K. (2005), A More Equal Society, Bristol: Policy press Hobbes, T. (1985) Leviathan , London: Penguin Classics. Leach, R. (2002), Political Ideology in Britain, Basingstoke: Palgrave Mullaly, B. (2007), The New Structural Social work: Ideology, Theory, Practice, (3rd edn), USA: Oxford University Press Ramsay, M (1997) What’s wrong with Liberalism London: Leicester University Press. Rousseau, J. J. (1968) The Social Contract, London: Penguin books. Rawls, J (1999), A Theory of Justice, Oxford: Open University Press. Thompson, N. (2005), Understanding Social Work: Preparing for practice, (2nd edn), Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. Williams, A. (1998) UK Government and Politics, Oxford: Heinemann Wilson, K et al, (2008) Social Work: An Introduction to contemporary practice, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

What Is The E Commerce Information Technology Essay

What Is The E Commerce Information Technology Essay What is the E-commerce. For todays society, the E-commerce is plays an important role in the world. That also call Electronic commerce, it is a term for any type of business and also involves digitally enabled commercial transaction, which involves the transfer of information across the internet. Commercial transactions are also involving the exchange of value across organizational or individual boundaries in return for service or product. E-commerce simple explanation is some company; wholesalers and suppliers are through auction and based retail sites to do business exchanges trading goods and another service between those business companies. Now many countries using E-commerce to commercial transactions involving an exchange of value across organizational boundaries for their own business to another country. Those have seven unique features of E-commerce technology and significance on some retail sites for attract more customers, increase their business and also allowing customers around the world to facilitate free trade for all. These types of E-commerce are different trading on business. From now the E-commerce are allows consumers to easily electronically exchange goods and goods with no barriers of distance of time. In the near future the E-commerce has rapidly expanding and more businesses are move sections of their operations onto the internet. So the E-commerce is currently one of most important aspects of the internet. 3.0 Answer of Question 1 The computer network in the developed world now, many people like to use e-commerce website for shopping, Company derives revenue by selling goods, information, or services to customers. For example website has ebay.com, amazon.com, mudah.my and so on. These web pages are e-commerce website; this is because the ease of placing an order online has brought the buying public to the internet sales for customer convenience. The e-commerce website which has all kinds of goods; the goods include smart phone, watch, education book, musical instruments and so on. Each e-commerce website has the own seven unique features of e-commerce technology. I will choose www.amazon.com e-commerce website assess it in terms of seven unique features. www.amazon.com 3.1.1 Ubiquity The amazon.com e-commerce website first unique feature is ubiquity, it is so important unique features for those user and costumer, and this is because the marketplace is created or extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed geographic location. It is so easy for customers online shopping as long as they can online in another place or any time and makes it for customer convenience enhanced. This features is so amazing because internet technology is available everywhere and any time for customers online shopping, this features make it be convenience and save time to go to a particular store to buy a goods, as long as have the internet online for buy the goods. 3.1.2 Global Reach The amazon.com e-commerce website second unique feature is global reach. The e-commerce technology allows commercial transactions to national boundaries and cross cultural far more conveniently and effectively as compared to traditional commerce. For now technology is reaches beyond national boundaries to every country and the e-commerce is enabled across cultural national boundaries seamlessly and without modification, if we have an e-commerce global reach on the world, the marketplace must be include potentially billions of consumers or the millions of business. This feature can concentrate the e-commerce on the world marketplace and easy to increase the website online sales and promote the national goods to another country. 3.1.3 Universal standards The amazon.com e-commerce website third unique feature is universal standards. The universal standards feature is stands shared by the world. It gives us all the connections on the same level capability, which provides network externalities, will benefit for all. There is one set of technology standard and namely internet standards. The universal standards significance is reduce the product search cost and by creating a single, one world market place and where price discovery become simpler, faster and more accurate. Because the lower market entry costs so its easy to attract customers and searching their goods to get a nice offer. It also can easily find all the suppliers and prices, many stores will also called all their other stores or get it from their site shipped to the store, so customers dont have to go anywhere. And the last is delivery terms of a specific the product to anywhere in the world, delivery is very convenient thing, you do not have to personally go to the store g et yours goods, as long as you are willing to pay for transportation costs, it can be deliver it to your home. 3.1.4 Richness The amazon.com e-commerce website fourth unique features is provides information richness, for now e-commerce technology have to change the traditional trade of between Richness and the reach for example, the e-commerce website design have the text messages, audio and images for change the traditional trade and get more powerful selling environment. The internet and web can deliver to an audience of millions richness marketing message in a way not possible with traditional technologies like radio, TV and magazines. 3.1.5 Interactivity The amazon.com e-commerce website fifth unique feature is interactivity, it means is the technology that allows two way communications between merchant and consume. The technology software for example Skype and MSN also can allow two way communications similar to face-to-face experience but only on a massive global scale. The consumers are engaged in a dialogue that dynamically adjusts the experience to the individual, and make the consumer a co-participant in the process of delivering goods to the market. E-commerce interaction is much better, because companies can interact with a much larger scale. E-commerce can be more easily and efficiently from the collection of the information consumers with surveys and forms. 3.1.6 Information Density The amazon.com e-commerce website sixth unique feature is increase information density, which is given the amount and quality of information available to all market participants. In the e-commerce website is need to give more information for that goods for example is information processing, storage and communication cost drop dramatically while accuracy and time lines improve greatly. The goods of information should become more plentiful, accurate and cheap for customers more attractive and interesting to the goods. 3.1.7 Personalization The amazon.com e-commerce website last unique feature is personalization; it is technology allows the personalized messages to be delivered to individuals as well as group. This is represent follow some customers purchase record or the website member to send some e-mail about the e-commerce website new product and some about the product information or give the new offer to customers. Personalization of marketing messages and customization of products and services are based on individual characteristics. 3.2 The unique features implement well and poorly features The www.amazon.com e-commerce website unique features in implement well is Information Density features, this is because this e-commerce website have very detailed about the products information. For example the smart phone or digital cameras those products have the screen, audio, battery and highest quality of information, this feature can let you more easy to know his technical performance, appearance, special features, advantages and disadvantages. Â  This information of product can affect customers attraction for the product and confidence in the product. However the more poorly feature is universal standards, the www.amazon.com e-commerce website no part of lower market entry costs to search their product to get the nice offer, if wan find out the lower market need to search one by one on website. 4.0 Conclusion of Question 1 In my opinion, the www.amazon.com is a very useful and amazing e-commerce website. According to my investigation in many countries are using the www.amazon.com by e-commerce online to pre-order and buy their product, include country have Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Japan and so on. But still have the most poorly feature need to improvement, in my suggestion the part of universal standards feature. The website should improvement the new development on lower market entry costs for customer, it can let customer easier to search the lower cost products and get the offer. After the improvement, in future is likely to be able to become the most successful e-commerce website. If we lose the e-commerce website it will cause us purchase the product very inconvenient and purchase hinder. The e-commerce website is act a very important role now; we should make good use of this e-commerce website. 5.0 Introduction of Question 2 On now the society, most of the people because of their busy work reasons and lead to them no any idle time to go shopping center or some shop for purchase all their need. Therefore they only can use online purchase their products on e-commerce website for daily necessities. Online daily necessities stores are also increasing in popularity, and will continue to increase as the internet grows. Online shopping can let us convenient to buy and easier to get the information of the products, so that is very important for us. Whatever buy the product through online include have the pros and cons of online purchase. At last I will explain all the advantages and disadvantages of online purchase. 6.0 Answer of question 2 6.1 The products I choose to purchase though online and reason I had bought two products through online e-commerce website, thats a laptop and the limited addition wristwatch. The first I choose to buy product is the laptop, this is because the laptop brand is the Alienware M17x laptop. This brand Alienware M17x laptop was no stock of sold on Malaysia and those brands only sold at some country like the Australia, the United States and Japan. However only have one way to get this laptop, which was through the online purchase to get it. My second choose is the limited addition wristwatch, because that wristwatch is the limited addition and the form and function of wristwatch was ideal. But the wristwatch only sold at Kuala Lumpur and it is so many customers snapped up. I choose this product through online purchase because I was not living in Kuala Lumpur and I need to pre-order at early on their website to get the wristwatch. 6.2 The advantages of online purchase The first advantage of online purchase is easily to choose the best products. We can get the products easily only by sitting in front of my computer with the few buttons to click and looking for the best website to sell the product. Therefore we without moving around on shopping centre store for this also can without driving around on round, wasting gas and the most important is save more time. The second advantage of online purchase is the opportunity to choose the product. We can choose many website and search many types of products as we want, at these website there have to show information of product for example the function and warranty of the product, these way does let u more understand to every product. We also can check youre the price of product to compare with every website to choose most reasonable price. The third advantage of online purchase is the easily done payment. We can easily using our credit card to done the payment for the online purchase at home, and another w ay is just go someplace of bank ATM machine to bank in for those website bank account for the payment. The last advantage of online purchase is available all the time to order your products on that website, whatever anytime and anyplace we also can purchase the item and delivery to your home. Sometime have the limited products haven release to market sell and then we can pre-order at website on early. 6.3 The disadvantages of online purchase The first disadvantages of online purchase is need a long periods of time to receive your products and the postage. We usually need to wait a long periods of time because sometime is post office could be delay on the delivery problem and this can even take up to a month or longer if being shipped from overseas. The sipping cost also the serious problem, this is because we should pay the expensive postage for delivery, and especially products delivery from overseas to our country, this sipping cost will be extremely high in comparison on your product. The second disadvantage of online purchase is we are sometimes too confused of looking for the most reliable online shop that sells the product. Because have some e-commerce website is imposture for sell their imposture products or defrauding our money, sometime you view the product image on the website is a beautiful and intact product, but when u thought online purchase and receive the product, it will be different quality or shoddy ve rsion. The last disadvantages of online purchase is fraud your money or credit card, when you bought products through online and make a payment to order the product have a chance to let them fraud. 7.0 Conclusion of Question 2 In my conclusion, I suggest to use the online purchase as well as be careful. Because the online purchase can give us a lot advantages on shopping, it was save time and cost for today social. However it still has the disadvantages of online purchase, so we must prevent and be careful to observe the website is honesty or fraud. The online purchase is great and it bring a lot of convenience for human, my only advice is be safe, be smart and make sure youre buying from a reputable website. Do your research just like you would any other store.

Puritans and Puritanism Essay -- American History

Puritans and Puritanism This essay addresses the questions: What is Puritanism. What is the meaning of puritanism in American history? What is the Covenant as Puritans understood it. How were their ideas about the Covenant applied to their experience in America? Puritanism is one of the most important aspects of the American culture. Many of this country’s beliefs come from puritanism background. What is Puritanism and the meaning of it in American history? Puritanism is a term that originates from the religious group called the Puritans. They were a denomination formed by the great Protestant Reformation in Europe. They were known as nonconformists and dissenters because of their refusal to submit to the Church of England. Because of this, the Puritans and their theology soon died out in Europe. However, the puritan ideas and beliefs flourished in the New World. Puritanism starts with the theology of the Puritans. First they believed in the sovereignty of God. That is, only God had the highest power or rank. This meant that a man did not have the power to hold authority over other men. In essence, this belief coincides with the concept of the divine nature of kings. The English monarchy wanted its people to believe that the king was appointed by God Himself. Therefore, the king was responsible only to God. The first concept of Puritanism states that all Christian men are responsible only to God. Another concept of puritanism and probably the most important is the idea of Salvation by Grace. In Puritan theology, God created mankind and cosmos. He gave mankind a beautiful garden to live, the Garden of Eden. Unfortunately, mankind committed sin and was banished. However God, sent His grace to mankind. He gave His... ... was to give African slaves their freedom. Then, there was the westward movement to expand land. During the 20th century, the United States fought to protect the world from the Axis, the Communists, and the Iraqis. In each case, America has always had this special mission which they fulfilled sometimes using questionable methods. We can see how puritanism relates to the beliefs of America by studying the history of America. And we can see the prominent role puritanism has played to American society. Just look at the remnants of the Indian culture. Using the name of God, the Americans stole their land, wiped out their people, and destroyed their culture. Perhaps the sovereignty of God isn’t such a good idea after all. It seems as though with no authority to answer to except God, America was able to do almost anything and state that it was for the â€Å"greater good.†

Justification By Faith

The subject of â€Å"Justification by Faith† is an argument, proposed by the Apostle Paul in Romans 1:17 where he starts by introducing God’s revelation to humankind concerning unrighteousness: That this was a God-given revelation in the beginning and throughout man’s history (faith to faith) within the â€Å"Gentile’s law of nature and the Jews law of Moses. However, Paul further exclaims, â€Å"that neither of them could be justified by their obedience to the respective laws under which they were, but that they both stood in need of the righteousness of God.† [1] As Paul is strictly a preacher of the Gospel of salvation through Christ Jesus, there is no doubt he had to find another style of presenting the Good News to factions in opposition to one another.His method of preaching in Romans catches the undivided attention of both the Jew and the Gentile Christian. Justification in the sight of God comes by faith in Christ Jesus alone, by which we c an also avoid the wrath of God that is consequential to the ungodliness and unrighteousness of men. Certain cults, like the Jehovah’s Witnesses seek gratification by including their works to implement salvation and only adhere to particular scripture verses to defend their position.They twist the interpretation of James 2:18, 20, and 26 by ignoring Ephesians 2:8-9, which is contrary to the analogy of faith and does not agree with the biblical map. Works are only what we offer out of thanks for the sacrifice Christ made for us but they search for every excuse and alternative possible and refuse abandon their false doctrine, which is a matter of their own â€Å"free choice†. In actuality, there is no â€Å"free choice† because not accepting Christ Jesus as our personal savior accounts as a sin, in the eyes of God. (John 5:26-29)â€Å"Justification† and â€Å"Faith† DefinedSince we are speaking of â€Å"Justification by Faith†, this is where it is appropriate to throw in the explanation of the two words, â€Å"justification† and â€Å"faith†.Let Us Define â€Å"Justification†According to Verlyn D. Verbrugge’s New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology†, the Greek word â€Å"justification† (dikaiÃ… sis), defines a vindication or an acquittal (p. 147), a dismissal of criminal charges. We can best explain â€Å"justification† by encountering someone having a traffic citation for speeding and that either he gets the infraction dismissed or he pays the fine. The driver may appear in court to dispute the citation but if found guilty the punishment for these charges remain impending. He is no longer guilty if the charges are dropped and they will be forgotten. If the fine remains and is not paid, penalty charges will be added and compounded until the driver pays the full amount incurred, is arrested, or is jailed and serves time as payment; or serves time and still pay s for the infraction.At this point, his license to drive can be suspended or revoked. The driver is no longer considered criminal once the fine is paid but this is where sin and the traffic citation divide. We cannot pay for our sin, our infractions against heaven. Our depravity is a spiritual matter that cannot be handled by physical means. Only a divine spiritual source can take care of both our spiritual, physical needs simultaneously, and that comes through blood sacrifice only. Christ Jesus, â€Å" In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;† (Eph. 1:7)Definition of â€Å"Faith†Now â€Å"faith† (πΠ¯ÃÆ'tÃŽ ¹Ãâ€š), as defined by Verbrugge, offers another method of having that traffic ticket expunged. It â€Å"denotes the trust that someone may place in other people or in the gods, credibility, and credit in business, guarantees, or something entrusted† (p. 462). Again, in this cas e it is Christ Jesus, because he paid every debt of man’s criminal activity. So here, we put our trust (â€Å"faith†) in Jesus to pay the penalty for our crime much like a father might pull out his credit card to pay for his child’s driving infringement; least the child ends up in jail for reoccurring and additional fees applied to that summons.What, or Who, is God’s RighteousnessIn Romans 1:17 we encounter the phrase â€Å"the righteousness of God†. This phrase does not necessarily refer to God’s uprightness, holiness, or purity, or His faithfulness in keeping His promises, nor the justice He will serve at the judgment but the means by which He provides salvation for humankind. Therefore, â€Å"the righteousness of God† refers to Christ Jesus for he obediently fulfilled all the prophecies of the Old Testament, which began in Genesis 3:15, and faithfully accomplished the Father’s promises.â€Å"And I will put enmity between yo u and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel.† NIV Our faith in Christ Jesus, as our personal savior, justifies us in the sight of the Father because we testify to the pure, holy, and righteous blood that he shed to save us from sin, hell, the grave and eternal death. Here â€Å"the righteousness of God† and â€Å"the revelation of the wrath of God† compare to having a significant relationship.The Apostle Paul is actually teaching us that without receiving Christ and becoming a â€Å"son of God† (John 1:12) we remain criminals to the heavenly government of God and â€Å"the wrath of God†, which is eternal separation from the Father becomes the reward (in this case, punishment) for our unrighteousness. We cannot save ourselves and anything we claim good enough to make us free from sin and afford us â€Å"safe passage† into heaven is far and wide from what God sees as righteous (Isa iah 64:6). Besides, if man could provide his own salvation, there would not have been a need for Jesus to give his life at Calvary and his doing so would have been in vain. (Acts 4:12)Paul’s Theological TeachingsIn Romans 6:23, Paul teaches, â€Å"the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord† which means our salvation is a perfect salvation and could only be provided by God in the flesh (Emmanuel – God with us). We are saved from the stain of Adam’s disobedience in the garden, the murderous character of our tainted blood, the captivity of the enemy of God (Satan) and from eternal death, which is a result of all that  encompasses our sinful nature.All of this describes â€Å"the righteousness of God† but Paul goes one-step further when he turns to â€Å"the revelation of the wrath of God† in 1:18-32. In verse 19 Paul explains how the knowledge of right and wrong is revealed to man when he stat es, â€Å"Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.† The knowledge of right and wrong, good and evil, righteousness and wickedness is made manifest within the heart of man even though â€Å"the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth† (Genesis 8:21). The Spirit of God in man (that is the remnant spirit of God in man) plants this innate knowledge, of good and evil, and no matter how we cut it, this is proof that God created man, for this is His trademark, benchmark or ISBN.By the knowledge of good and evil in man, the homosexual knows his or her lifestyle is an â€Å"abomination† (Leviticus 18:22; 20:13; Deuteronomy 22:5; 1 Corinthians 6:9) to God as well as the reason why the thief escapes being caught. (Exodus 20:15; Leviticus 19:11; Jeremiah 2:26) From this point, we can understand how both â€Å"the righteousness of God† and â€Å"the revelation of the wrath of God† are related to one another. Jesus Christ is God’s righteousness and provides the only payment to expunge our criminality against heaven. God has created in man (revealed in man) the inborn knowledge of the difference between sin and righteousness.Paul Refutes Jewish IdeologyPaul was a Pharisee within Judaism and understood all the ins-and-outs of their doctrine, which became a plus for Christians of his day and has become a major advantage for us today because it leads to the defense of Christianity against Judaism, as well as, other belief systems. In Judaism, â€Å"justification by faith† was national pride and was a form of idolatry because they idolized the fact they were Jews. They further believed that the sect with the most righteous form of living (by keeping the law), of all the Jewish communities (Scribes, Pharisees, Essenes, etc.), would enter into heaven. In this, they believed the gentile would not qualify for salvation, seeing the Jews were the only chosen nation of God an d possessed the Laws of God. They, the Jews, did not extend the blessing to other nations and held them as cursed of God, the products of eternal damnation. [2]However,  Paul refutes this ideology in Romans 10:1-13, bringing into reason â€Å"Since they did not know the righteousness of God and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God's righteousness. Christ is the culmination of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes.† (Romans 10:3-4) Paul repeats this same doctrine to the Galatians, using different words: â€Å"Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.† (Gal. 3:21) Reading deeper into these two statements, Paul is expressing that the attitude, of the Jews, was nothing more than legalistic prejudiced against other nationalities and cultures but Paul corrects this in the second sentence of Roman s 10:3-4, where he refers to the â€Å"culmination†.This â€Å"culmination† breaks down the barriers of selectivity and makes â€Å"faith† inclusive â€Å"for everyone who believes.† The use of the word â€Å"culmination† concludes that Christ has fulfilled every requirement needed to save humankind, which then makes everyone (Jew and Gentile, alike) with faith in Christ Jesus, an inclusive entity. â€Å"Justification by Faith† in Christ Jesus is â€Å"the only way, the only truth, and the only life. And No man comes to the Father but by him† (John 14:6) is what the Apostle Paul’s argument is all about. Paul leaves no doubt in the minds of Christians or the ungodly, unchurched peoples how salvation is attained. That it only comes through being â€Å"justified† through our â€Å"faith† in what Christ has done on the Cross of Calvary for all humankind.That he will return, looking to find a church without â€Å"spot or wrinkle† (Ephesians 5:27). â€Å"But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.† (Hebrews 11:6) We are â€Å"rewarded† the â€Å"justification† needed to become right in the sight of God. It is this writer’s opinion that Christ has already cleansed us of the â€Å"spot†, the sin we inherited from Adam’s disobedience when we accepted him as our personal savior but our â€Å"wrinkles†, our personal sins, still need ironing out. The final change will be â€Å"ironed out† on the day of rewards, the rapture because (as for now) we can only strive for the perfection but Christ will do the ultimate perfecting.God’s Wrath in Paul’s Concept of SalvationAccording to the â€Å"Evangelical Dictionary of Theology† by Baker House, there are six words to describe the emotions associated with God†™s wrath. â€Å"These terms, all of which express varied shades or degrees of wrath, anger, displeasure, or vexation, are the following: anph (to be angry); zaaph and derivatives (to be wroth, displeased, sad); hemah (indignation, anger, wrath); kaas (to be angry, wrathful, indignant, vexed, grieved); ebrah (rage, wrath); qasaph (to be displeased, angry, wroth); saneh (to hate). In the New Testament, there are more than twenty references to the anger, wrath, or vengeance (orge) of God and a few references to indignation and displeasure (achthos).† [3]Although there may appear to be varying degrees of God’s wrath, I must go along with Paul’s theology that â€Å"If you’ve committed one sin, you’ve committed them all.† Let us return to Romans 6:23, â€Å"For the wages of sin is death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All sin leads to death and eternal condemnation. There is no leeway for what the secular world may deem, i.e., â€Å"a little white lie†; a lie is a lie and holds no degree of sensitivity in God’s righteousness. Nevertheless, salvation is explained by Paul in Romans 5:18, â€Å"Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life.† That gift is Christ Jesus as the apostle previously proclaimed, â€Å"For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast.† (Ephesians 2:8, 9)A Door with Two SidesDr. Elmer Towns, in his book â€Å"Core Christianity†, compares â€Å"conversion to a door with two sides.† â€Å"Human activity is on one side of the door, while God’s activity is on the other side.† When we convert to Christianity, we are pushing on the door to heaven and God, on the other side, regenerates us into new life. We are then born again and the world, God, sin, and ourselve s appear to us in a different and opposing light of understanding. [4] If we are â€Å"pushing on heaven’s door† then we have accepted Jesus because he states, â€Å"I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture.† In the case of the  Apostle Paul, however, I interpret it as God opened the door and dragged him inside. His encounter with Jesus Christ made a life changing impact that not only altered Paul’s way of thinking and his mission but also rearranged the course of human and church history.He, Paul, admittedly states this in Romans 1:1, â€Å"Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God†. He was definitely â€Å"called and separated†, made a â€Å"prisoner† (Ephesians 3:1; 4:1) of Christ Jesus in a fashion that no other apostle had experienced. The reason I have used the verb â€Å"had† is because there were only thirtee n apostles; the thirteenth being Paul, replacing the rebellious Judas. By biblical standards, an apostle is a person who was a Jew, had seen Jesus face-to-face, planted churches, and had authority over the church, in various regions. There are people today, using the title â€Å"apostle† unjustifiably because they do not fit all the requirements but may have an â€Å"apostolic anointing†. Therefore, if they are given a title, perhaps it should be â€Å"anointed one† and not â€Å"apostle†.Paul on FaithPaul has written many epistles, containing verses, about â€Å"faith†. â€Å"Now faith is the substance of things hoped for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Heb. 11:1); â€Å"But without faith it is impossible to please him:† (Heb. 11:6). These are just a few examples, outside of the letter to the Romans, in which Paul speaks on â€Å"justification†. â€Å"Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which c ould have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.† (Gal. 3:21) This was also another argument against the Jews, concerning their belief in salvation by the law.ConclusionI praise God for giving us the Apostle Paul, for through him we have an in depth analysis of what â€Å"justification by faith† truly is, as long as we stick to verifying scripture with scripture and not take it upon ourselves to explain these things out of selfishness and ignorance. As I have tried to prove, there is no contention between Paul’s writings on faith and that of the Apostle James because James is not purporting that salvation comes by works. We must all come to the understanding that good deeds are what we do as a gesture of good will and appreciation for the blood sacrifice that Jesus Christ made to save us from sin, death, the grave and the eternal tortures of hell. The Apostle Paul also teaches, in 2 Timothy 4:3, that â€Å"†¦the time will come when th ey will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears;†The time is here and now because we find these false doctrines just about everywhere we turn. Paul charges us to, â€Å"Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine.† (2 Timothy 4:2) We must also consider that, â€Å"whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!† (Romans 10:13-15)Paul teaches, in this verse, that it is our obligation to correct those who have not received the true doctrine of Christ. This charge is an ext ension to the Great Commission. Just as well as there are those who have not the gospel, there are those that have not the true gospel. The apostle further warns, â€Å"Whosoever transgresseth, and abideth not in the doctrine of Christ, hath not God. He that abideth in the doctrine of Christ, he hath both the Father and the Son. If there come any unto you, and bring not this doctrine, receive him not into your house, neither bid him God speed: For he that biddeth him God speed is partaker of his evil deeds.† (2 John 1:9-11)

Conflict of Cultural Expectations

Social expectations are something every person faces. No matter one’s gender, ethnicity, or class, everyone feels pressure to behave a certain way, and I believe one of the most defining character traits is whether one chooses to conform to these social pressures or to pave his or her own path in life. Despite the existence of social norms in every culture, certain cultures hold these expectations in much higher regards than others, and breaking such social laws can have detrimental consequences.In Women of the Silk and Jasmine, we see numerous examples of societal expectations of women, as well as the different ways in which the women characters respond. This gives us insight into their individual strengths and weaknesses, specifically involving how they cope with the struggle between what they want and what is expected of them. In Women of the Silk, there is great significance placed on expectations of women, specifically in China circa 1920’s, including pressures to live a certain lifestyle and behave in an appropriate manner at all times.The differences between how women react to these pressures is first depicted by the contrast between Pei and her older sister Li. While from my modern American perspective Pei is clearly the stronger, more admirable of the two, this is quite opposite from the traditional Chinese perspective of the time. Li is a principal example of the ideal woman from the Chinese culture perspective. She is, by nature, a dutiful and submissive girl, who wishes to please others and stick to the status quo. This is evident throughout childhood, and continues as she gets older and is expected to marry.In contrast, Pei is curious by nature, always asking questions and seeking answers, despite being reprimanded frequently for doing so. Li’s passive nature and Pei’s bold, defiant manner are revealed throughout the novel, beginning with their childhood. For example, whenever the two girls play together, Pei is always t he one running ahead and then stopping to wait on her sister. Pei asks questions which Li calmly answers, and while Pei explores her surroundings, Li is content to sit still and quietly.One passage on page 19 of the text reads, â€Å"†¦Next to [Pei], she could hear Li’s even breathing and feel her calmness. Li’s hands rested quietly on her knees, while Pei’s felt the ground beside them for anything that would make the water splash. † This example depicts the dissimilarity between the two girls’ personalities and contrasts Pei’s curiosity with Li’s contentment. This difference between the sisters is significant in that it is the factor that ultimately dictates which of them their father, Pao, will decide to send to work in the silk factory.After visiting a fortune teller, who predicts that Li will get married but is unsure of Pei’s fate, Pao decides that Pei is better suited to work at the factory, as there is no guarantee of being able to marry her off and lighten the family’s financial burden. Consequently, Pei’s life is set in motion on an unusual path, and one that certainly does not conform to the standards and expectations of women at the time. Li’s subservient nature is further proven later in the novel, when she marries a much older farmer simply because she thinks it is what is expected of her.While her father does not force her to marry the farmer, she does anyway because it is what she is â€Å"supposed† to do, and she assumes it will please her family. Likewise, she still does not go back to her family when she finds out that her new husband is violent and abusive, as women are expected to be loyal to their husbands no matter what. Although this trait of being passive and obedient is considered to be a positive attribute within her culture, it is one that seems to come at a much larger price than it is worth.While Pei may not be overjoyed to be sent to the facto ry, I would consider her fate far less tragic than that of Li’s marriage to the farmer. Just as Li’s compliance stays with her as she matures out of childhood, so does Pei’s curiosity. At the silk factory, Pei asks questions primarily to Lin, who answers them with a kind of patience and willingness that Pei is not accustomed to. Pei’s impulsive nature is exposed once again when she decides, on a whim, that she wants to go through the hair dressing ceremony with Lin.Pei and Li’s mother, Yu-sung, grew up in a family that allowed her to forego social expectations for women and instead encouraged her lively spirit and curiosity. However, when she marries, she faces much heavier social pressure to become quiet and submissive. Rather than refusing to conform to these expectations, she adapts to the fullest extent. Now, as we see by her obedience to Pao, her entire disposition has changed drastically since her childhood. Yu-sung never states her thoughts if they conflict with those of her husband.For example, although she does not necessarily agree that Pei should be sent to work, she would never utter a single word of protest, especially to Pao. While in our culture it is expected that a married couple make important decisions together, Yu-sung does not get involved in any critical family decisions throughout the novel, no matter how strongly she feels. This isn’t to say she is apathetic by any means, as it is revealed upon Pei’s return how much she truly cares.However, it does show the high priority she places on fulfilling her roles as a woman and a wife properly and in the way anticipated of her. Another example of a character that, like Pei, refuses to conform to social norms and expectations is Auntie Yee’s daughter, Chen Ling. Chen Ling is portrayed as a charismatic leader among the girls at the silk factory, and it is made evident that she lives according to her own expectations of herself rather than pr essure she feels from others and/or society in general.For example, Chen Ling is the first to decide to go through a hair dressing ceremony, clearly showing that she likes to pave her own path in life rather than taking a trail someone else has already paved. For this reason, although Chen Ling is not a particularly sociable character, she captures my respect and admiration throughout the novel. The intensity of the pressure placed on women in this culture is difficult to comprehend in this day and age. However, the character in the novel that helps me develop a better understanding of the true force behind these pressures is Mei-li.Mei-li faces her family’s expectation of her to marry the man they chose for her, whether love exists between the two or not. She also faces society’s expectations, which dictate that sex outside of marriage is inexcusable. All of the stress and weight of these pressures are what ultimately drive Mei-li to commit suicide. In this instance, it seems to me that Mei-li’s actions are less representative of her own character, but rather say more about the society as a whole.Her suicide calls attention to the injustice in the existence of such extreme pressure and inequality that is capable of causing someone to end their own life. In Jasmine, the main character, Jasmine, shows characteristics of both strength and weakness. The expectations she faces are somewhat different between the Indian background she comes from and the American culture circa 1980’s in which she becomes immersed, and she handles them in different ways as well. The first time we see Jasmine refusing to follow the â€Å"gender rules† of society is when she kills Half Face in chapter 17 of the novel.She mentions that this is not her first time being raped; it has happened on many other accounts before. However, this time, rather than act in a submissive manner again as one would expect of an Indian woman, especially one so badly frigh tened, Jasmine loses control of her calm facade and brutally kills her rapist, referred to as Half Face. The second instance I notice in which Jasmine is nonconforming in regards to social norms is when she stays at the house of the Vadhera family.Rather than keeping her thoughts to herself, she takes matters into her own hands and is open about being unhappy there, which ultimately leads to her moving to New York. If she had not made anyone else aware of her depressed feelings, Jasmine would have stayed true to her role as a traditional Indian woman, at the expense of her true hopes and dreams. In contrast to these examples and to what we had learned throughout the book of Jasmine’s somewhat rebellious nature, one might argue that she â€Å"settles† when moves to Iowa and stays with Bud.Although she is not in love with Bud, she stays at first because he is good to her and because she feels pity for him. However, when Taylor shows up to bring her back with him, Jasmine ’s true colors shine through again, as she is unwilling to refuse herself happiness to convenience others or satisfy their expectations of her. While it may be mistaken as selfishness that leads her to behave this way, I think of it more as a strength. Jasmine is able to claim her own life by refusing to conform to the social expectations of her Indian culture or of American ulture. While characters from these two novels approach societal expectations in different manners, I think the same is true in every culture. There will always be a large contrast between those who go after what they want and refuse to be deterred by social pressure versus those who would rather fold to authority and please everyone around them. While there are assets to be found in both types of women, it is the â€Å"Chen Ling’s† and â€Å"Jasmine’s† that the world seems to remember and adore.Everyone has fears, and when we see someone able to throw fear to the wind and beha ve as they wish rather than as they believe they should, it is hard not to admire that person. From my perspective, people like Jasmine, Pei, and Chen Ling, who chase happiness and refuse to abide by social dictations, should not be ashamed in the least. Rather, those such as Li and Yu-sung, who conform to their roles so completely that they deny themselves of happiness in the process, need to learn their self-worth and realize that they are smart and capable of thinking for themselves.

Malcolm X Essays - African-American Muslims, English-language Films

Malcolm X Essays - African-American Muslims, English-language Films Malcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960's believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther King's "non-violent protests" weren't working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm X's life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the black nationalist leader of the 1920s who preached that all blacks should leave the US and go back to Africa. While Malcolm's father was away and Malcolm's mother was pregnant with Malcolm, a group of KKK members came to their house and told Mrs. Little to send out her husband. She came out of the house and stood where all the KKK could see that she was pregnant and told them that Mr. Little was in Milwaukee preaching. The KKK, disappointed, shouted threats and told them to leave town. After this they broke every window in the Little's home and left. When Mr. Little came home and heard what happened, he decided to move as soon a Malcolm was born to Lansing, Michigan. Here was where Malcolm's father died at the hand of the Black Legion (X 4-! 13). After Malcolm's father's death, his mother who had to take care of eight children and endure threats from the KKK, suffered a nervous breakdown. As a result, Malcolm and his siblings were taken by the welfare department. Malcolm was later enrolled in a reform school and did very well grade wise. He was the best student in his class and wanted to become a lawyer. When the school heads heard about this, they sent a person to talk to Malcolm. This person told and convinced Malcolm that he was black and that he could never become a lawyer because of it. As a result, he dropped out of after the eighth grade and moved to Boston, Massachusetts where he worked several different jobs. Soon, Malcolm became associated in a gang and sold and used drugs, and was involved in many other criminal activities. His gang "career" ended when he got into some trouble due to a bet with the gang leader. Since the gang wanted Malcolm killed, Malcolm hid for a while. Soon, Malcolm decid! ed to rob a house which he heard had a lot of valuables in it. Soon one night, he robbed the house, but was caught later. Malcolm was charged with burglary and sent to prison for a maximum of eight years of which he served six. This was a turning point in Malcolm's life. While in prison, Malcolm educated himself and became interested in the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm spent his time in jail educating himself and learning more about the Nation of Islam (later known as the Black Muslims). Their belief, which was contrary to Martin Luther King Jr.'s, mainly to was to segregated whites and blacks. The Nation of Islam wanted to establish a separate Afro-American homeland in the U.S. and believed that the white person is "the Devil" who wanted to enslave all non-whites. The Nation of Islam also strictly followed the Islamic belief. When Malcolm was released from prison after in 1952, he joined a temple in Detroit, and took the name Malcolm X. He took the name X because his present last name was the last name of the slave master who freed their slave and since the slave didn't know who their ancestors were, and therefore didn't know their real last name, they often took up the last name of their master. Many Muslims kept the name "X" because in math, "X" is represented as an unknown variable like their real last name. A person was to keep the name "X" until God himself gave them a "holy name"(Encarta 2). Soon after his release from jail, Malcolm worked for his oldest brother who managed a furniture store. While working, he also gave many speeches, and went "fishing"(fishing is when someone stands out on a sidewalk and hand

Free Essays on Growing Up

. So for me the many different phases of growing up were the shock of a lifetime. It started off really nice and then eventually ended up smacking me right in the face. Kindergarten will always be a fond memory of mine. I remember back in kindergarten when there used to be a nap time. Oh, how I took it for granted! I would fall asleep quickly and have dreams about playing outside with the other children. Now I am not sure I even know what the word â€Å"sleep† means. My teacher used to play the letter game with me and all of my friends. I remember painting pictures for my mom or getting to hang them up in the classroom. I would always make the biggest mess when it came to painting, smearing it all over the place. I also remember the snacks that the teacher used to give us before I went home at the end of the school day. Now at home, I clean up the messes and give out the snacks. As I grew up, the â€Å"unthinkable† started to happen. When I was little, I should have appreciated pure skin, no wrinkles, and being told to eat all of my vegetables. For example, now I have to use Clearasil, Olay Regenerist, and go to Weight Watchers. Page 2 I used to have so much energy, but now I have to drink coffee to wake myself up. Sometimes, I even drink the whole pot of coffee by myself. I also have the â€Å"privilege† of losing my figure, getting gray hair, and becoming less attractive. Growing up brought me more responsibilities. It used to be that my mom would come into my room... Free Essays on Growing Up Free Essays on Growing Up Growing Up It all begins with the famous phrase, â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?†. As a child, I thought the words â€Å"growing up† meant becoming like Mom and Dad. It meant having a job, being able to cook dinner, and knowing how to pay bills. I was too young to understand the concept behind those words. So for me the many different phases of growing up were the shock of a lifetime. It started off really nice and then eventually ended up smacking me right in the face. Kindergarten will always be a fond memory of mine. I remember back in kindergarten when there used to be a nap time. Oh, how I took it for granted! I would fall asleep quickly and have dreams about playing outside with the other children. Now I am not sure I even know what the word â€Å"sleep† means. My teacher used to play the letter game with me and all of my friends. I remember painting pictures for my mom or getting to hang them up in the classroom. I would always make the biggest mess when it came to painting, smearing it all over the place. I also remember the snacks that the teacher used to give us before I went home at the end of the school day. Now at home, I clean up the messes and give out the snacks. As I grew up, the â€Å"unthinkable† started to happen. When I was little, I should have appreciated pure skin, no wrinkles, and being told to eat all of my vegetables. For example, now I have to use Clearasil, Olay Regenerist, and go to Weight Watchers. Page 2 I used to have so much energy, but now I have to drink coffee to wake myself up. Sometimes, I even drink the whole pot of coffee by myself. I also have the â€Å"privilege† of losing my figure, getting gray hair, and becoming less attractive. Growing up brought me more responsibilities. It used to be that my mom would come into my room...

The Effect of Bad Debt Management in Nigerian Banking Industry and Dissertation

The Effect of Bad Debt Management in Nigerian Banking Industry and Remedies - Dissertation Example 2. Literature Review 10 2.1 Nigerian Banking Industry and its Role in Economic Growth 10 2.2 Deregulation of the Banking System 12 2.3 Credit Risk and its Management Strategies 13 2.4 Impact of Credit Risk 17 CHAPTER THREE 19 3. Research Methodology 19 3.1 Justification of the Methodology 19 3.2 Research Methodologies 20 3.2.1 Qualitative Methodology 20 3.2.2 Quantitative Methodology 21 3.3 Data Collection 21 3.3.1 Primary Data 22 3.3.2 Secondary Data 23 3.4 Sampling 23 3.5 Reliability and Validity 23 3.6 Ethical Considerations 24 References 25 CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction The history of Nigerian banking industry dates back to the year 1892 when the first bank was incorporated by the colonial British Empire (Okezie, Tella, and Akingunola, 2011). The business operation of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) was initiated in the year 1959. The autonomy of CBN was lost to the Federal Government during the period 1968 to 1999. It resulted in Nigeria being surrounded by a loose monetary policy that was implemented by the Federal Government then. In the year 1999, the last of the military regime in Nigeria, gave back the banks legal autonomy in the field of exercising monetary policy and regulatory functions (Central Bank of Nigeria, n.d.). After the independence of Nigeria in 1960 till the beginning of 1980s, the banking industry of the country was mainly dominated by the three banks namely First Bank, Union Bank, and United Bank for Africa. The banking sector was deregulated by the Nigerian government in 1986 which resulted in easement of entry barriers for the new entrantsin the banking industry of Nigeria. As a result of this deregulation, many new banking firms made an entry into the Nigerian banking sector and the number of banks in the country rose to over 100 (Ekpenyong, and Acha, 2011). Many of these new banking firms were poorly managed and weakly capitalised. The regulatory supervision was also quite weak. This resulted in a series of bank failures and turned up to be banking crisis in the year 1990s. At the beginning of 1989, almost 20% of the loan portfolios were adjudged to be non-performing assets. Since the year 2002, the banking industry of Nigeria comprised of 24 commercial banks, 5 development finance institutions, 5 discount houses, 50 class A bureau de change, 598 class B bureau de change, 84 finance companies, 98 primary mortgage institutions, and 914 microfinance institutions (Iwukemjika, n.d.). One of the major concerns for the policy makers is the increasing level of cases of banks in being distress. Hence bad de bt forms an important aspect of the banking industry in Nigeria. 1.1 Background of the Study It is a fact that the banking system is considered to be the engine of growth in any economy. It is so because of its function of financial intermediation. With the help of this function the banks are able to increase their performance, facilitate capital formation, and ultimately help in promoting economic growth (Badun, 2009). However, the ability of the banks to foster economic development and growth depends on the stability, health, and soundness of the system. The shareholders fund constitutes only a small portion of the total liability of the banks. This fact undermines the need for a reliable, viable and strong banking system. Hence, not surprisingly, the banking sector is found to be one of the most regulated sectors in an economy. In a modern economy, one can find clear distinctions between deficit and surplus economics units and also in the process of separation of the mechanism re lated to saving investment. This fact has led to the emergence of financial institutions whose primary responsibility includes

Why so many people eat fast food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why so many people eat fast food - Essay Example This change in lifestyle has interfered with their time for finding or preparing healthy food. The remaining option is reaching out for the fast food, which will save time. Likewise, women who were entitled to prepare food for their families are also competing in the job markets. They happen to secure popular titles in the job market thereby limiting their time for preparing food for their families. This change in lifestyle happens to be a significant reason as to why most people prefer fast food in most nations (Smith 7). Ideally, the current generation has proved to access extra finances compared to the past generation. The availability of money probes individuals to stop at the fast food joints and take anything ready. This also has a significant impact on the rising statistics on fast food consumption. As people access more money, they tend to eat outside their homes more often. Eating outside means taking food from a fast food restaurant thus increasing the statistics as to why individuals take fast food (Taylor, Funk and Craighill). Finally yet importantly, the statistics for fast food consumption is on the rise because of the modern life. Most food industries have advanced in their marketing strategies, and this probe people to change their eating habits. This concern with the advertising agencies, which make adverts on the fast food on media. Families will always want to taste new things due to change in their desire. Likewise, the moral advice on the food choice continues to slow down as the hosts have limited time with their family, thus exposing them to poor choices of food. This modern lifestyle altogether changed the eating habits of most people in the family most of them relying on fast food as the main alternative (Taylor, Funk and Craighill). Change of diet can have a serious impact to the lives of consumers in many perspectives.

Federal Express Performance and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Federal Express Performance and Strategy - Essay Example â€Å"FedEx has a unique product line because they offer a wide range of services—FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, etc.—in which their customers can get about anything and everything done. FedEx has a diverse and broad customer base, they are not really aiming towards a certain demographic, but a lot of their services are business related†. (Roger, 2006; Greg, 2007) FedEx is really trying to please everyone, from a person in the business industry to a house wife. The services offered allows anyone in the business industry to send packages anywhere around the world so that can improve their business. Their services also allow a house wife or grandmother to send birthday gifts to their families. With all the services that FedEx offers their consumers, it no wonder why they have competition with UPS, DHL, and the United States Postal Service (USPS). â€Å"UPS is a package delivering company and global provider of specialized transportation and logistics services . DHL is a premier global delivery network by trailblazing express shipping from one country to another†. (Chaffey, 2009) USPS is an independent federal agency that provides mail processing and delivery service for individuals and business in the United States. Even with this tough competition, that has not stopped FedEx from expanding their services worldwide and opening head quarters in Hong Kong, China, that will serve all of Asia; Brussels, Belgium, that will bring services to all of Europe; Dubai, United Arab Emirates, that will serve of all the Middle East and Africa; Miami, Florida, that will serve all of the Latin America and the Caribbean1. With all of these international locations and the head quarte rs in America, it is no surprise that today FedEx Express has the world’s largest all-cargo air fleet, and in a 24 hour period those fleets travel nearly 500,000 miles while its couriers log 2.5 million a day, which is equivalent to 100 trips around the world1. (Chaffey,

Westboro Baptist Church or Current Controversial Topic Essay

Westboro Baptist Church or Current Controversial Topic - Essay Example Later, in his testimony during the court case about the WBC’s deplorable actions—actions that should be stopped by community action and by legislation—Snyder stated, â€Å""They turned this funeral into a media circus and they wanted to hurt my family. They wanted their message heard and they didn't care who they stepped over. My son should have been buried with dignity, not with a bunch of clowns outside† (â€Å"Father† n.p.). The Westboro Baptist Church, located in Topeka, Kansas, has been protesting at funerals since 1991. As of 2009, they claim to have participated in over 41,000 protests in over 650 cities, and spend an average of $250,000 a year on picketing. They travel all over the U.S. to picket the funerals of anyone associated with gay people. For example, they picketed at the 1998 funeral of murder victim Matthew Shepherd and the 2010 funeral of Elizabeth Edwards because she supported gay people (Borger n.p.). The WBC also protests at funerals of slain military personnel like Snyder’s.Why would the WBC participate in such activities—activities that even Fox News commentator Bill O’Reilly calls â€Å"evil and despicable† (Cohen n.p.)? ... They picket at funerals to express their views, and to get the word out about their opposition to gay rights, the Catholic Church, Jews, and other topics. They believe that anyone who is opposed to their way of seeing things is going to hell, and they feel compelled to make sure that people know this. Several weeks after Matthew Snyder’s funeral, for example, the WBC denounced Snyder’s family for raising their son Catholic. There have been many responses to their actions. One of these is through the courts, which is what the Snyder family did. Later in 2007, they sued Fred Phelps, the Westboro Baptist Church, and two of Phelps’ daughters on several legal grounds, including defamation and invasion of privacy. The suit claimed that Phelps’ religious views did not expose the Snyders to public hatred or scorn. The WBC’s main defense, in addition to exercising their constitutional right to free speech and free assembly, was that they had complied with al l local ordinances regarding picketing and had obeyed all police instructions. The picket occurred 1000 feet from the funeral site, in a location cordoned off by the police, and could neither be seen or heard by the funeral participants. The judge, in his instructions to the jury, said that they needed to decide â€Å"whether the defendant's actions would be highly offensive to a reasonable person, whether they were extreme and outrageous and whether these actions were so offensive and shocking as to not be entitled to First Amendment protection† (Donaldson-Evans n.p.). This is the crux of the argument against the WBC, and perhaps explains the outcome of the case: the jury awarded Albert Snyder almost $3 million in punitive damages for invasion

Swine flu is a lab-made virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Swine flu is a lab-made virus - Essay Example f the Influenza is known to comprise genetic elements from swine flu, human flu and bird flu strains spanning across three continents and there has been considerable speculation over concerns and suspicion that this strain of the virus was manmade. It is also not unreasonable to question whether governments across the world that has been spooked with the prospects of radical changes in the global climate and with an ever increasing population in the planet, have amassed a top secret method to engineer a virus that has is aimed at correcting the human population through the spread of this virus. Experts argue that such a possibility is technically probable. The US Military is known to have engineered and unleashed such viruses both for test purposes as well as in a quest to gain ground as part of strategic initiatives in enemy territory. However, that does not mean that one must point the first finger straight towards them. However, such a stance on the part of governments would mark a crime against humanity that is aimed intentionally towards unleashing biological weapons into the open (Gina Kolata, 2007). However, this also leads one to believe whether governments have been indulging in crimes against humanity on a routine basis. The US is the only known country to have dropped nuclear bombs on civilian populations during the Second World War. Israel is known to have made use of white phosphorus in its fight against the Palestinians. Hitler sent millions of Jews to the gas chambers and Americans used to fire rounds made of depleted uranium into Iraqi targets and Afghanistan. As such, unleashing a biological weapon in a huge city such as Mexico city is no big deal beyond the current capabilities of today’s governments in achieving what they intend to do (Ethne Barnes, 2008). All along human history, almost all crimes against humanity are known to originate from the deeds of governments – whereby most of such crimes have been committed in the name of peace,

Summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary and response - Essay Example of the 21st century depends directly on its young generations’ ability to make use of the knowledge that was presented to them in schools and other educational and training institutions. He remarked that not only scientific and technical, but also purely economic and business advancement of the U.S. are strongly dependent on the new generations’ capacity for making rational and creative decisions. And for this end, the high-quality education, and the students’ resolve to attain it, is indispensable. I would note that Barack Obama’s speech underscored the planned administration’s policies aimed at boosting the youngsters’ resolve to follow through their school years without dropping out. The main concern that may have been discerned in the speech is that over the youth’s contribution to the society’s performance in such fields as the economy and science. Both fields are greatly affected by the current crisis; therefore, it is natural that the President should draw attention to them in his

Westboro Baptist Church or Current Controversial Topic Essay

Westboro Baptist Church or Current Controversial Topic - Essay Example Later, in his testimony during the court case about the WBC’s deplorable actions—actions that should be stopped by community action and by legislation—Snyder stated, â€Å""They turned this funeral into a media circus and they wanted to hurt my family. They wanted their message heard and they didn't care who they stepped over. My son should have been buried with dignity, not with a bunch of clowns outside† (â€Å"Father† n.p.). The Westboro Baptist Church, located in Topeka, Kansas, has been protesting at funerals since 1991. As of 2009, they claim to have participated in over 41,000 protests in over 650 cities, and spend an average of $250,000 a year on picketing. They travel all over the U.S. to picket the funerals of anyone associated with gay people. For example, they picketed at the 1998 funeral of murder victim Matthew Shepherd and the 2010 funeral of Elizabeth Edwards because she supported gay people (Borger n.p.). The WBC also protests at funerals of slain military personnel like Snyder’s.Why would the WBC participate in such activities—activities that even Fox News commentator Bill O’Reilly calls â€Å"evil and despicable† (Cohen n.p.)? ... They picket at funerals to express their views, and to get the word out about their opposition to gay rights, the Catholic Church, Jews, and other topics. They believe that anyone who is opposed to their way of seeing things is going to hell, and they feel compelled to make sure that people know this. Several weeks after Matthew Snyder’s funeral, for example, the WBC denounced Snyder’s family for raising their son Catholic. There have been many responses to their actions. One of these is through the courts, which is what the Snyder family did. Later in 2007, they sued Fred Phelps, the Westboro Baptist Church, and two of Phelps’ daughters on several legal grounds, including defamation and invasion of privacy. The suit claimed that Phelps’ religious views did not expose the Snyders to public hatred or scorn. The WBC’s main defense, in addition to exercising their constitutional right to free speech and free assembly, was that they had complied with al l local ordinances regarding picketing and had obeyed all police instructions. The picket occurred 1000 feet from the funeral site, in a location cordoned off by the police, and could neither be seen or heard by the funeral participants. The judge, in his instructions to the jury, said that they needed to decide â€Å"whether the defendant's actions would be highly offensive to a reasonable person, whether they were extreme and outrageous and whether these actions were so offensive and shocking as to not be entitled to First Amendment protection† (Donaldson-Evans n.p.). This is the crux of the argument against the WBC, and perhaps explains the outcome of the case: the jury awarded Albert Snyder almost $3 million in punitive damages for invasion

Summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary and response - Essay Example of the 21st century depends directly on its young generations’ ability to make use of the knowledge that was presented to them in schools and other educational and training institutions. He remarked that not only scientific and technical, but also purely economic and business advancement of the U.S. are strongly dependent on the new generations’ capacity for making rational and creative decisions. And for this end, the high-quality education, and the students’ resolve to attain it, is indispensable. I would note that Barack Obama’s speech underscored the planned administration’s policies aimed at boosting the youngsters’ resolve to follow through their school years without dropping out. The main concern that may have been discerned in the speech is that over the youth’s contribution to the society’s performance in such fields as the economy and science. Both fields are greatly affected by the current crisis; therefore, it is natural that the President should draw attention to them in his

3 Paragraph Paper About the Novel Night Essay Example for Free

3 Paragraph Paper About the Novel Night Essay Ellie weisel was the survior and author of the book Night. Ellie was born September 30,1928 in Sighet, Romania. He led a life representative of many Jewish children. Growing up in a small village in Romania, his world revolved around family, religious study, community and God. Yet his family, community and his innocent faith were destroyed upon the deportation of his village to the concentration camp in Auschwitz in 1944.Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. (Elie Wiesel, Night, Ch. 3). Ellie Wiesel survived Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald and Gleiwitz. He was let free in 1945 and made his way to Paris and started wrighting his first novel Night. During world war 2 many people were anti-semitism. Anti-semitism means prejudice or hatred of, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage. Jewish people were blamed for the black pleg. They were also blamed for how bad the economy was. Hitler one of the most famous people during this time was using the jews as a scape-goat to get more votes. A scape-goat is just a group/someone you may put the blame all on.During world war 2 Jewish people were used as scape-goats and at the time of all this if you were German you may have been anti-semitism. One of the most memorable events at this time were The deportation of the jews. The nazis had enough of the jews and were ready to do there final soulation every jewish person with either that star david on them or had the letter J on there id was getting deportated to the concentration camps. See more:Â  The 3 Types of Satire Essay The German authorities used rail systems across the continent to transport, or deport, Jews from their homes, primarily to eastern Europe. German railroad officials used both freight and passenger cars for the deportations. German authorities generally did not give the jews getting deported food or water for the journey, even when they had to wait for days on railroad spurs for other trains to pass. Packed in sealed, suffering from overcrowding, they endured intense heat during the summer and freezing temperatures during the winter. Aside from a bucket, there was no sanitary facility. The stench of urine added to the humiliation and suffering of the deportees. Lacking food and water, many of the deportees died before the trains reached their destinations. Armed police guards accompanied the transports; they had orders to shoot anyone who tried to escape.

Relationship between Translation and Culture

Relationship between Translation and Culture Vocabulary is the most active part of language. It can directly reflect the social changes and cultural developments. In a sense, vocabulary is the mirror of the society and culture, so is the color terms. The understanding and feelings to color terms of Chinese and English People are much alike, which underlies the possibility in cross-cultural communication as well as translatability. When both denotative and connotative meanings of color terms will not lead to misreading, the method of literal translation is a good choice. The merits of this method lie in its fidelity to the original meaning and flavor of color terms (Deng, 2001). It can introduce the TL readers the vivid expression in SL so as to let them gain more knowledge about the unique culture in SL country. For example, red light district à §Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã…’ º. Red light district is a part in a city where many houses of prostitution are located. This expression did not exist in China at first. By literal translation, this expression with its cultural connotation has successfully made its way into Chinese (Wu, 2009). Likewise, some Chinese expressions can also be literally translated into English. For example, green increasing and red decreasing. It is well known to us that is a famous phrase in a Chinese poem > written by Li Qingzhao. It refers to the leaves and flowers seen by the author after she got drunk. It must have been totally strange to English receptors in the past. Due to cultural exchange, the phrase green increasing and red decreasing is becoming more and more familiar to them, and it has been endowed with the same cultural connotation in English as has in Chinese. Zero Translation Transliteration The concept of zero translation is introduced by Professor Qiu Maoru both as a translating strategy for overcoming the unbridgeable distinctions between languages, and as a means of safeguarding the general validity of translatability as the theoretical cornerstone of translation (Wu, 2003). Zero translation means that the TL words or phrases are not employed to translate the SL words or phrases. According to Professor Qiu, ellipsis, transliteration and transference all belong to zero translation (Qiu Maoru, 2001). Transliteration is the way in which, instead of rendering the meaning, only the pronunciation is transferred from SL to TL. As the most fundamental method, this technique is most often used in translating words with absence of designative meanings in TL such as proper nouns, especially names of person, place or geographical features, brand names and corporation names; or some objects, things, terminologies and phenomena peculiar to the source language culture, for instance: à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ (persons name) Xiao Hong à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¿(name of wine) Nv er Hong Although through transliteration, the cultural flavor can be retained and the rendering is concise and easy to remember, such a method may sometimes bring obstacles or barriers to the target readers (Wu, 2009). In such cases, transliteration is utilized and often combined with other compensation methods such as extra-textual gloss and contextual amplification, which is to be discussed in the following section (Wu, 2003). Free Translation Though it is preferable to retain in the TL texts as much original cultural sense as possible, in practice, the method of free translation of original cultural-specific factors is not rare. What is free translation? It may be defined as a supplement which means to reproduce the matter without the manner or the content without the form of the original (Newmark, 1988). And it is widely used in cases when literal translation is awkward enough to impair proper understanding and no alternatives in TL can be found for replacement (Newmark, 2001). For example, in Chinese does not mean a person who is red in skin color. à ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã‹Å" is a quite common expression to Chinese people, however, for English people, it does not arouse any associative meaning if it is literally translated into red mother. Then the method of free translation is suggested. Translating it into matchmaker so as that TL reader can understand what is said in the context. More examples are served as follows: à ©Ã‚ ¢Ã…“ the bloom of youth Red-neck à ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à §Ã‚ ¾Ã… ½Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ -à ©Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã…“à ¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ From the perspective of cultural translation, the awareness of culture is of great importance for a translator to obtain an ideal rendering in translating practice. A good or ideal translation should accord with the demand and tendency of a particular time and should be understandable and acceptable so that it can enlighten readers to recognize foreign cultural elements. Because of lack of communication, in the past domestication (e.g. Free translation, substitution) was preferred and most of those renderings that employed foreignizing methods (e.g. Literal translation, transliteration) couldnt widely spread. However, because of tendency of cultural integration, foreignizing methods can serve better for the purpose of cultural translation (Guan, 2010). Substitution is an important part of free translation. It refers to a strategy for dealing with objects or events whose usages of color terms are different from those in the target culture. It is the use of one color from the target culture for another from the source culture, both of the colors having the same function (Liu, 2003) There are kinds of situations that need to employ substitution: 1) People often associate certain qualities with certain colors. These qualities often arouse certain reactions or emotions, which are not always the same with different people and the differences fall into two categories: a) Colors having certain associated characteristics in one culture, but not in the other; b) Colors with certain associated qualities in both cultures, but with different qualities. As for the first category, paraphrase will be employed, while as far as the second category is concerned, the technique of substitution is suitable, for example green-eyed à §Ã…“ ¼ (Qiu Maoru, 2001). In Chinese, can be used to express the psychological state of envy or jealousy. In this case, it is improper to translate into red. In English green is often associated with jealousy and envy. Green with envy, green-eyed monsters, and green-eyed all mean being jealous, envious. In English, red eye is a phrase meaning cheap and strong whisky as eyes turn red after drinking such liquor (Gao, 2006). 2) In terms of those with concrete colors, Chinese and English often use different color terms, e.g black tea à ¨Ã…’ ¶; pink eyes à §Ã…“ ¼Ãƒ §-†¦ This is because Chinese and English People tend to adopt different angles of view in observing things and phenomena, and grasping the characteristics of things. In this situation, substitution is apparently an appropriate translating strategy. Conclusion In conclusion, word meaning is different in accordance with various cultural backgrounds. Due to mans social and cultural experiences, same expression may lead to different understandings. Word corresponds in conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, and emotional meaning. The understanding and interpretation of such culture-loaded words must go along with the understanding of the culture involved. Previously, this dissertation analyzes the reasons for similarities and differences of the term RED and illustrates in accordance with perception, natural and social background, and religion. Every cultural phenomenon originates from a certain cultural foundation. Similarities are caused by similar perception and custom. On the other hand, differences are naturally more apparent. Language is involved with the differences of national culture. Therefore, differences between two cultures should be critically considered when translating. And the, this dissertation gives three cultural translation strategies. Firstly, literal translation is considered as the first step. It takes word-for-word translation as its starting point. Literal translation aims at preserving the most possible cultural information of the meaning without changing the linguistic forms of the source text. Secondly, zero translation can be used for overcoming the unbridgeable distinctions between languages. It means that means that TL words or phrases are not conducted to translate SL words or phrases. Thirdly, free translation is an effective way to deal with cultural sense. It is widely used when literal translation is awkward enough to impair proper understanding. In this situation, no TL alternatives can be found for replacement. However, there are some limitations in this paper. Firstly, the colors in the world limitless and there are also many color terms that are used to symbolize them, but cannot compare all of them. The comparison in this paper only focuses on the basic color term RED. Secondly, there are so many expressions with color terms in both Chinese and English that the author cannot write them all, but the examples given in this paper are enough because the purpose of this paper is not only to find out the similarities and differences, the more important point is to understand the similarities and differences between cultures, thus finding out a more appropriate method of rendering the color words.

Personal Privacy in a Technologically Public World :: Technology Human Rights Essays

Personal Privacy in a Technologically Public World "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks."1 So states Article 12 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, enacted in 1948 after 20 years of debate and refinement among member nations. Furthermore, the United Nations Commissioner on Human Rights in 1988 made clear that human rights protections on the secrecy of communications broadly covers all forms of communications: "Compliance with Article 17 requires that the integrity and confidentiality of correspondence should be guaranteed de jure and de facto. Correspondence should be delivered to the addressee without interception and without being opened or otherwise read. Surveillance, whether electronic or otherwise, interceptions of telephonic, telegraphic and other forms of communication, wire-tapping and recording of conversations should be prohibited."2 The degree of privacy protection may differ among cultures and countries, and correspondence may encompass anything from a casual conversation among family members to extensive use of advanced telecommunications devices, but the principle remains the same: at a fundamental level, all human beings have a right to lawfully go about their ordinary business without interference or surveillance. Governments wishing to avoid United Nations sanctions may not make laws abridging these basic rights, and furthermore, must make it unlawful for other entities to do so as well. As the product of an international organization, the Declaration of Human Rights makes a strong case for a universal set of basic rights that follow from innate characteristics shared by all humans, in particular our sense of our own individual identities, and our ability to make choices based on intelligent reflection as opposed to instinctive reaction. In short, the Declaration of Human Rights recognizes the concept o f "personhood", and supports the right of each person to a private personal life. This paper addresses some of the issues surrounding the growing use of technology in our everyday lives, and it's impact on personal privacy, particularly in the United States. What kind of information might we consider private? Is it our driver's license number, social security number, Master Card and Visa numbers and ATM pin? Is it our mother's maiden name, our grades in high school, our educational history, work history and volunteer activities?

Exploring Existentialism and the Character Leanord in the Film, Memento

Exploring Existentialism and the Character Leanord in the Film, Memento Although Christopher Nolan does not acknowledge any philosophical basis for Memento, the film provides a character, Leonard Shelby, who serves as an example of several aspects of existentialism. Through Leonard, Memento illustrates Soren Kierkegaard's idea of truth as subjectivity, Freidrich Nietzsche's notion that God is dead, and Jean-Paul Sartre's writings on the nature of consciousness. In Concluding Unscientific Postscript, Kierkegaard differentiates between the subject as the knower, and the world (object) as the known: the only way we know the world is through ourselves. Kierkegaard emphasizes the importance of "how" the subject is related to the truth, and not the "what" (content) of the objective. He asserts that the truth can only exist in the subject, for if it lies in the world, we could never access (know) the truth the way we know ourselves. Kierkegaard explains that we can only discover the truth by turning inward: "passionate inwardness" is essential to finding the truth, as it is the way in which the subject is seeking the truth; the more passion the subject has, the closer she/he comes to the truth. "Passionate inwardness" is fueled by "objective uncertainty": if an individual sees objective proof of her truth, she will become less passionate; however, when she does not find reassurance in the objective, her inward passion will lead her to "the" (her) truth. This paradox relies on the subject believing passionately in the truth that exists in her while believing in a lack of objective support for that truth. Fridreich Nietzsche writes in The Gay Science "God is dead....And we have killed him," (99, Existentialist Philosophy) referr... ...f existence before essence is echoed when Teddy tells Leonard that he (Leonard) doesn't even know who he is: when Leonard answers he is his past self, Teddy cautions "That's who you were, not who you've become." While Leonard does not believe it, Teddy reminds him that he is responsible for his wife's death, not the men he tracks down and enjoys killing. Leonard refuses to acknowledge that he is his actions, to which Sartre would say "There is no reality except in action" (316, Existentialist Philosophy). Leonard seems to avoid responsibility for his freedom, most likely because he does see who he has become. Memento is a poignant affirmation that our actions make us who we are and that we are in fact responsible for the choices we make, whether we face our freedom, or flee from our anxiety as Leonard does. Now, where was I...? Existentialist Philosophy Memento

Nevada Policy Scenarios Essay

1. Western Water Policy In light of population growth, Nevada must continue to seek new resources for water consumption. Options include working with farmers and states such as California, Arizona, Idaho, and even the country of Mexico. There are also various Lake Mead projects that could supply the needed water, as well as conservation projects within the state of Nevada. Write a 350- to 400-word response answering the following questions: a. Can you project the potential role the state government will need to fulfill in this scenario? b. Can you project the role the federal government might need to fulfill in this scenario? c. How much of a role should the federal government play in western water policy? Explain your answers. 2. Exploitation of Nevada Resources A radioactive waste disposal company has recently settled a contract agreeing to dispose of radioactive waste for various nuclear power plants located across the United States. Company executives, following several meetings, have decided to pursue waste disposal at Yucca Mountain, a short distance from Las Vegas. Using Ch. 11 of The Sagebrush State as a guide, write a 350- to 400-word response answering the following questions: a. In light of court decisions in the 1990s regarding control of federal lands in Nevada, why would eastern politicians and nuclear power plant owners show little regard for Nevadans who oppose storage of nuclear waste in Nevada? b. Is there any aspect of the Nevada Constitution that would influence land-use policies such as the one in this scenario? Explain your answer. c. In what ways can the Nevada state government play a role in important land-use decisions similar to this? 3. Past and Present Gaming Suppose you had the opportunity to develop a new casino in Nevada. Write a 350- to 400-word response answering the following questions: a. What historic political, social, and economic trends could you reference to support the positive opportunity and benefits of building a casino? What current political, social, and economic issues might deter you from embarking on such a project? b. Consider land-ownership issues. 4. Alternative Sources of Energy in Nevada The availability of land, sunlight, and other natural resources make Nevada an ideal location for alternative energy sources. Speculate on how Nevada could capture these resources to create a competitive advantage in their area. In what ways would this advantage be affected by political, social, and land-ownership issues? Write a 350- to 400-word response that considers political, social, and land-ownership issues relative to each of the following alternative energy sources: a. Solar b. Geothermal c. Wind d. Hydroelectric

Case Study Geo: Mt St Helens

Case Study of Mount St. Helens Date: 18th May, 1980 Time: 8:30-8:33 8: 30—ash and steam erupted. 8:32—earthquake of magnitude 5. 1 on the Richter scale caused the bulge on the north side of the mountain to move forwards and downwards, releasing material that formed a landslide of rock, glacier, ice, and soil that moved downhill to fill Spirit Lake. However, the water only reinforced it, and it moved rapidly down the northern fork of the Toutle Valley. The mudflow reached Baker Camp, but the floodwater continued down the valley and the sediment blocked Portland’s port on the Columbia River. :33—The exposed magma exploded sideways, which sent out blast waves of volcanic gas, steam, and dust, which is called a ‘nuee ardente’. This moved northwards for 25 km. Within this range every form of life, like plants and animals, were destroyed. For the rest of the morning, a series of eruptions took place, which ejected gas, ash, and volcanic ‘bombs ’, or simply rocks. The thicker ash rose 20 km into the air and drifted eastwards before settling. The volcanic ‘plume’, or could, of fine ash reached the eastern coast of the USA three days later, and several days later, the ash had completely encircled the world.Location: Mount Saint Helens (stratovolcano) is in North America, in the Cascada mountain range. Skamania County, Washington State, USA. Plates involved: Juan de Fuca plate and the North American Plate. Types of boundary and crust: Oceanic (Juan de Fuca) and Continental (North American) crusts. The margin is destructive, also known as a convergent boundary. It’s also a Subduction Zone, as the Juan de Fuca plate is subducted under the North American Plate. Warning Signs On March 20th there was a minor earthquake, which measured 4. 1 on the Richter scale.Tremors happened for the next few days until the 27th of March, when there was actually a small eruption of steam and ash, which left a crater aro und 250 feet wide. On March 30th there were 79 earthquakes on the mountain. After that minor eruptions occurred daily. On April 3rd there were harmonic tremors signaling the movement of magma deep within the mountain. The crater was 1500 feet wide then. Explosions of ash, ice, and rock were happening almost daily. A harmonic tremor is a sustained release of seismic and/or infrasonic energy most often related to the underground movement of magma and/or the venting of volcanic gases from magma.In late April/early May the north side of the mountain had begun to bulge by 1. 5 meters per day, indicating a build-up of magma and an increase in pressure. By then the mountain had lost its perfect cone shape. It was given the name ‘Mount Fuju of America’. What happened? Impacts? Economic All buildings and manmade structures within the vicinity of Spirit Lake were buried. More than 200 houses and cabins were destroyed and damaged in Skamania and Cowlitz Counties. Bridges, roads, t rails, were also destroyed by the eruption. More than 185 miles of highways and 15 miles of railways were also damaged.Around 12% of the total crop was ruined by settling dust. Fruit and alfalfa were hit the hardest. Crops and livestock on valley floors were lost due to flooding. Unemployment around the region of the volcano rose tenfold immediately after the eruption, about weeks following the disaster. This returned to normal after the area was cleaned up. Tourism was nearly crippled in the area after the volcano erupted, however, this was quickly remedied as tourists began pouring in, eager to see the results of the incident. Social Of course the destroying of the houses and cabins led to many people being homeless.The ash coming from the eruption hindered the smooth running of car engines in three states. Trees caused a logjam 60 km away, carried away by floodwater. Electricity supplies were interrupted and telephone wires were cut. Many other electronic equipment malfunctioned due to the layers of ash and the fine ash that drifted into the engines or structures. Transportation was also affected because railways and highways were closed down. The ash also limited visibility, so it was dangerous on the roads. Ash accumulation stopped airplanes from taking off in airports around the area.Environmental Many tens of thousands of acres of prime forest were destroyed or heavily damaged. Every tree in the 250 km2 blast zone north of the volcano was totally flattened and destroyed. 10 million or so trees had to be replanted. Like with the trees, nothing alive, or inanimate, survived the eruption within the blast zone. Game animals like elks, bears, and deer perished in the area as well; Around 7000 of them died. However smaller rodents and such animals were able to survive, as they were below ground level and/or water surface when the volcano erupted.Salmon and other fish were lost when the hatcheries were destroyed, and an estimated of 40,000 young salmon were lo st when they were forced to swim through hydroelectric turbine blades. After the eruption Mount St. Helens was left with a huge crater on its north side. The loss of the north side of the mountain, which was 13% of the cone's volume, reduced Mount St. Helens' height by about 1,313  feet and left a crater that was 1 to 2  miles wide and 2,100  feet deep. Responses The government of Washington State set up two zones around the volcano, a ‘Red Zone’ and a ‘Blue Zone’.The red one surrounded the volcano, while the blue one surrounded the red one. The WA National Guard response to Mt. St. Helens eruption was:(from youtube): â€Å"When I saw the plume rice 60-80,000 feet above, I mean it was just awesome that one away to say it because we never really get to see things like this often, however when I saw at the rate it was coming towards us I felt tremendously terrified. † Five of the guards ignored the ‘shut down’ command and went to sav e survivors of the eruption. Many people owe their lives to the five guards who risked their own lives to save them.